GUM uses the MISC field Cxn
annotation to distinguish some complex constructions in a Construction Grammar (CxG) framework developped by collaborators from Dagstuhl Seminar 23191 for the integration of CxG analyses into UD trees. Construction labels are always attached to the highest token belonging to the necessary or defining elements of the construction, and carry hierarchical designations, such as a prefix Cxn=Condition
for all conditional constructions, but a more specific Cxn=Condition-Reduced
for reduced conditionals (the type seen in "if possible").
Currently covered constructions and examples:
- CausalExcess - "It was so big that it fell over"
- ComparativeCorrelative - "the faster the better"
- Condition:
- Condition-Realis - "If you go you'll be sorry"
- Condition-Irrealis:
- Condition-Irrealis-Modal - "If you had gone you would have been sorry"
- Condition-Irrealis-Inverted - "Had you gone you would have been sorry"
- Condition-Hypothetical:
- Condition-Hypothetical-Modal - "If you went you would be sorry"
- Condition-Reduced - if possible
- Condition-WhatIf - "What if you go?"
- Ditransitive - "I gave Kim some cake"
- Exclamative-What - "What a triumph!"
- Existential:
- Existential-Exist: "Atlantis exists!"
- Existential-Here: "Here is an example"
- Existential-There: "There is/exists/... hope"
- Interrogative:
- Interrogative-Declarative - "You're going?"
- Interrogative-Polar - "Are you going?"
- Interrogative-Wh - "What did you do?"
- NPN - "day by day"
- Resultative - "hammer the metal flat"
- Way - "He laughed his way out of the issue"